WiMax as a fixed wireless alternative to other broadband technologies will be hamstrung by interference problems with Wi-Fi and 3G, and by rules on the use of radio frequency spectrum in the UK, according to industry experts.

Many firms in rural areas without access to DSL or cable are looking to WiMax technology for high-speed internet access, but are likely to be disappointed.

WiMax operates across a wide radio spectrum, from 77MHz to 28GHz, only small parts of which are available for use in the UK and Europe. WiMax is more widely used in the US where laws governing spectrum are very different.

"WiMax systems look great on paper, but not in the EU where there is spectrum congestion and you need a licence to use any frequency except the 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands, which are exempt," said Steve Kennedy of telecoms supplier Thus.

Because WiMax uses channels that are 5MHz rather than 20MHz, it exceeds the spectral density permitted in the 2.4GHz waveband. It could also overlap with other licensed frequencies. Restrictions also apply to specific parts of the 5GHz spectrum, while 3G transmits in the 2.5GHz range.

"Using the 2.4GHz waveband could interfere with local Wi-Fi projects, while the 5.8GHz frequency is used by TV and radio companies for outside broadcasts. In both cases Ofcom could be called in to deal with radio interference issues," he said.

Manufacturers such as Nokia appear to be similarly unconvinced of WiMax's potential to succeed in Europe and are content to take a wait-and-see approach.